Big Bend Coal Power Plant
8:39 PM
Posted by Energetic
The scrubber for Big Bend Coal Power Plant Unit 4 began operation in 1984, and since 1995, has simultaneously scrubbed Unit 3 as well. The scrubber for Units 1 and 2 began operation at the end of 1999. According to TECO Energy, the scrubber system removes 95% of sulfur dioxide from all four units.
Big Bend Power Station | |
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Locale | Apollo Beach, Florida suburb of Tampa, Fl |
Status | Active |
Commission date | 1969, last unit: 1985 |
Owner(s) | TECO Energy |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Bituminous coal, distillate fuel oil |
Power generation information | |
Maximum capacity | 1.73 GWe |
Boxberg Coal Power Plant
6:22 AM
Posted by Energetic
Like Jänschwalde Power Station and Schwarze Pumpe Power Station, Boxberg Power Station was built at a place surrounded by surface mines. The first power station unit was built in 1966, in the 1980s there were 14 units with an accumulated output of 3520 MW.
After the German reunification twelve units (210 MW each) went off, two (500 MW each) were modernized. In the mid-1990s a new 900-MW unit was built, another 675 MW unit is projected for 2011.
Boxberg Coal Power Plant had four chimneys 300 metres tall. One was dismantled in 2000, two were blasted in 2009, and the last one will be completely demolished in 2010.
Boxberg Power Station | |
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Country | Germany |
Locale | Boxberg |
Commission date | 1966 |
Owner(s) | Vattenfall Europe |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Lignite |
Generation units | 4 |
Power generation information | |
Maximum capacity | 1900 MW |
Kingsnorth Coal Power Plant
6:50 AM
Posted by Energetic
Kingsnorth Power Station | |
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Country | England |
Locale | Kent, South East England |
Commission date | 1973 |
Operator(s) | Central Electricity Generating Board (1973-1990) PowerGen (1990-2002) E.ON UK (2002-present) |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal-fired |
Secondary fuel | Oil-fired |
Tertiary fuel | Biofuel |
Didcot A-B Coal Power Station
7:06 AM
Posted by Energetic
Didcot A Coal Power Station
Didcot A Coal Power Station is a coal and gas fired power station, designed by architect Frederick Gibberd. A vote was held in Didcot and surrounding villages on whether the power station should be built. There was strong opposition from Sutton Courtenay but the yes vote was carried, due to the number of jobs that would be created in the area. Building was started on the 2,000 MWe power station for the CEGB during 1964, and was completed in 1968 at a cost of £104m, with up to 2400 workers being employed at peak times. It is located on a 300 acres (1.2 km2) site formerly part of the Ministry of Defence Central Ordnance Depot. The main chimney is 650 ft (200 m) tall with the six cooling towers 325 ft (99 m) each. The station uses four 500MWe generating units. In 2003 Didcot A burnt 3.7Mt of coal.
The station burns mostly pulverised coal, but also co-fires with natural gas. Didcot was the first large power station to be converted to have this function. In addition, a small amount of biomass, such as sawdust, is now burnt at the plant. This was introduced to try to depend more on renewable sources following the introduction of the Kyoto Protocol and, in April 2002, the Renewables Obligation. It is hoped that biomass could replace 2% of coal burnt. In 1996 and 1997, Thales UK was awarded contracts by Innogy (now npower) to implement the APMS supervisory and control system on all of the four units, then allowing to have optimised emissions monitoring and reporting. Between 2005 and 2007 Didcot installed overfire air systems on the four boilers to reduce emissions of Nitrous Oxide.This ensured compliance with the Large Combustion Plant Directive.
Some ash from Didcot A is used to manufacture building blocks at a factory on the adjacent Milton Park and transported to Thatcham (near Newbury, Berkshire) for the manufacture of Thermalite aerated breeze blocks using both decarbonized fly and raw ash, but most is mixed with water and pumped via a pipeline to former quarries in Radley.
Didcot B Coal Power Station
Didcot B is the newer sibling initially owned by National Power, constructed from 1994-7 by Siemens and Atlantic Projects, and uses a (CCGT) type power plant to generate up to 1,460MWe of electricity. It opened in July 1997. There has been some controversy locally that the access for the site was originally agreed to be via the site entrance for Didcot A on Basil Hill Road', however the 'temporary' access using the former National Grid stores access road is still in use.
Specification
It consists of two 680MWe modules, each with two 230MW SGT5-4000F (former V94.3A) Siemens gas turbines and two heat recovery steam generators, built by International Combustion (since 1997 known as ABB Combustion Services Ltd), and a steam turbine.
Didcot Power Station | |
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Country | England |
Locale | Oxfordshire, South East England |
Commission date | 1968 |
Operator(s) | Central Electricity Generating Board (1968-1990) National Power (1990-2000) Innogy (2000-2002) RWE npower (2002-present) |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal-fired |
Secondary fuel | Natural gas-fired |
Tertiary fuel | Biofuel |
Eggborough Coal Power Station
6:24 AM
Posted by Energetic
Eggborough Coal Power Station is a large coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire, England, capable of co-firing biomass. It is siuated on the River Aire, between the towns of Knottingley and Snaith, deriving its name from the nearby village of Eggborough. The station has a generating capacity of 1,960 megawatts, enough electricity to power 2 million homes, equivalent to the area of Leeds and Sheffield.
Opened in 1966 to utilise nearby coal-reserves, the station was built for, and initially operated by, the Central Electricity Generating Board.
The Eggborough Coal Power Station was built for, and initially operated by, the Central Electricity Generating Board. The station became the property of National Power on privatisation of the industry in 1990.
British Energy bought Eggborough Power Station, as its only coal-fired power station, in 2000 to provide a more flexible power production facility alongside its nuclear power stations to reduce penalty charge risks from the New Electricity Trading Arrangements introduced in March 2001. The purchase of Eggborough occurred at the peak of the market for power stations, and in 2002 the value of the station was written down by half. The station employs around 300 people, as well as contractors.
In 2008 Électricité de France (EDF) purchased British Energy, and subsequently on 1 April 2010, EDF transferred Eggborough to the plant's bondholders as per an earlier agreement, and to comply with commitments made to the European Commission when agreeing the acquisition of British Energy.Eggborough power station | |
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Country | England |
Locale | Knottingley |
Status | Operational |
Commission date | 1967 |
Operator(s) | Central Electricity Generating Board (1966-1990) National Power (1990-2000) British Energy (2000-present) |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal |
Power generation information | |
Installed capacity | 1,960 MW |
Fiddlers Ferry Power Plant
4:41 AM
Posted by Energetic
The Fiddlers Ferry Power Plant generates electricity using four 500 MW generating sets. The station consumes 195 million litres of water daily from the River Mersey. Since the deep mines in the Lancashire coalfield closed, all its coal is either imported (largely by train from Liverpool docks), or supplied from mines in Yorkshire. 16,000 tonnes of coal are burned each day. It also burns biofuels together with the coal.
Fiddlers Ferry Power Plant has been fitted with Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) plant to reduce the emissions of sulphur by 94%, meeting the European Large Combustion Plant directive. This work commenced in 2006 and was completed in 2008.
As of March 2010, the station was being considered for the installation of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) equipment. This would reduce the stations emmissions of nitrogen oxides, to meet the requirements of the Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive, which must be implemented by 2016. The SCR technology would replace the Separated Over Fire Air (SOFA) technology currently used in the station.With its eight 114-metre (374 ft) high cooling towers and 200-metre (660 ft) high chimney the station is a prominent landmark and can be seen from as far away as the Peak District. The station is seen in the title sequence to the BBC Three programme, Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps.
Fiddlers Ferry power station | |
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Country | England |
Locale | Widnes |
Status | Operational |
Commission date | 1971 |
Operator(s) | Central Electricity Generating Board (1971-1990) Powergen (1990-1999) Edison Mission Energy (1999-2001) AEP Energy Services Ltd (2001-2004) Scottish and Southern Energy (2004-present) |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal |
Secondary fuel | Biomass |
Power generation information | |
Installed capacity | 1,989 MW |
West Burton Coal Power Plant
6:25 AM
Posted by Energetic
Specification
The West Burton Coal Power Plant provides electricity for around two million people, and is situated on a 410-acre (1.7 km2) site. Coal for the power station, like Cottam, comes from the Welbeck colliery at Meden Vale. This will only be until 2009, when its coal is expected to run out. The station's other supplier, Thoresby colliery, is expected to last longer. The station connects to the National Grid, like most similar sized coal power stations, via a transformer and substation at 400 kV.
West Burton Coal Power Plant | |
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Country | England |
Locale | Nottinghamshire, East Midlands |
Commission date | 1968 |
Operator(s) | Central Electricity Generating Board (1968-1990) National Power 1990-1996) Eastern Group (1996-1998) TXU Energy (1998-2001) London Power Company (2001-present) |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal-fired |
Secondary fuel | Natural gas-fired |
Combined cycle gas turbine power station
A £600 million 1,270 MWe CCGT power station, which will run on natural gas, is currently being built next to the coal-fired station. Construction by the Kier Group started in January 2008. It is being built on land originally allocated for a proposed 1,800 MW West Burton 'B' coal power station that was to have been built in the 1980s. Privatisation of the electricity industry in 1990 cancelled this scheme. It will be finished in 2011, and will supply electricity to around 1.5 million homes. A new 12 mi (19 km) gas pipeline is being built to link to the National Gas Transmission System at Grayingham in Lincolnshire. Around 1,000 people are involved in the construction. The plant will consist of three 430 MW gas turbines each with a heat recovery steam generator.(design and supply an Italian company).
Lambton Coal Generating Station
5:15 AM
Posted by Energetic
The Lambton Coal Generating Station is a coal-fuelled power plant located on the St. Clair River near Corunna, Ontario and owned by Ontario Power Generation. Lambton's generating units 1 and 2 (of 4), were put into permanent shutdown effective October 1, 2010.
The Lambton Coal Generating Station had a generating capacity of 1,976 megawatts (MW). The combined capacity of the two units still in operation is 950 MW. At one time Lambton GS generated most of the electricity used in southwestern Ontario. It is connected to the power grid via numerous 230KV lines, and also has two interconnections with Detroit Edison and ITC Transmission via a 230KV line (Lambton-St. Clair #1) and a 345 kv line (Lambton-St. Clair #2). It is located almost exactly across the St. Clair River from Detroit Edison's St. Clair Power Plant in East China, Michigan.
Of the three stacks the Lambton coal power plant has, one is equipped with flue-gas desulfurization units, commonly called "scrubbers", to remove sulfur oxide. Emissions from scrubbers at the Lambton station could be be seen for over 16 km, although with the scrubbers operating properly, these plumes likely have less SO2 compared with other coal-fired stations without scrubbers.
Emissions in Lambton Coal Generating Station
Greenhouse gas | Sum (tonnes) | Sum (tonnes CO2e*) |
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CO2 | 3,731,607.00 | |
CH4 | 1,586.23 | 33,311 |
N2O | 55.27 | 17,134 |
HFCs | 0.01 | 7 |
Total | - | 3,782,059 |
*Calculated figures for CO2e are rounded to the nearest tonne.
Year | Emissions (tonnes CO2e) |
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2004 | 7,208,141 |
2005 | 8,738,072 |
2006 | 6,485,627 |
2007 | 8,501,943 |
2008 | 6,405,366 |
2009 | 3,782,065 |
Lambton Generating Station | |
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Country | Canada |
Locale | Corunna, Ontario |
Status | Permanent Shutdown |
Decommission date | October 1, 2010 |
Owner(s) | Ontario Power Generation |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal |
Power generation information | |
Installed capacity | 1,976 megawatts |
Ferrybridge Coal Power Plant
6:28 PM
Posted by Energetic
Ferrybridge Coal Power Plant refers to a series of three coal-fired power stations situated on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England. The first station on the site (Ferrybridge A) was constructed in the mid-1920s, and was closed as the second, B station was brought into operation in the 1950s. The A station has been retained since it closed. In the 1960s, Ferrybridge C was opened with a generating capacity of 2000 megawatts, which at the time was the largest of any power station in the UK. The B and C stations operated together until the B station's closure in the 1990s. The B station has since been demolished.
Ferrybridge C Coal Power Plant is currently the only power station operating on the site. Since 2004 it has been operated by Scottish and Southern Energy plc. It is capable of co-firing biomass and is currently being fitted with Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) plant. There are plans to build a fourth, D station on the site.
Specification of Ferrybridge Coal Power Plant
Ferrybridge C Coal Power Plant comprises four 500 MW generating sets, using 800 tonnes of coal and 218 million litres of coolant water per hour. As well as the four main units, the station has two gas turbines which produce an extra 34 MW combined. These are used for extra generating capacity and in black starts, as large power stations often need external electricity to start up if the main units are off line. Coal is delivered to the station by railway and road transport and until the late 1990s, by barge. The station has two 198 m (650 ft) high chimneys and eight 115 m (377 ft) high cooling towers, which are the largest of their kind in Europe.
Environmental impact of Ferrybridge Coal Power Plant
Ferrybridge C has now had an operating life of over 40 years. Since 2003, the station has established itself as a market leader in the effective co-firing of biomass. In the 2002-2003 tax year, the station was responsible for 80% of all co-fired renewable energy in the UK, resulting in a 3.5% net reduction of the plant's greenhouse gas emissions.
Work is currently being completed on a new Flue Gas Desulphurisation plant, servicing units 3 and 4. In 2007, Scottish and Southern Energy announced plans to conduct a feasibility study to retrofit unit 1 with a 'supercritical' boiler. According to the 2007 Annual Report, the decision was taken to discontinue this scheme. As of June 2007 however, a separate study assessed the feasibility of building a new 800 MW supercritical coal-fired station at Ferrybridge, potentially with carbon capture technology. These developments could ensure that a power station will exist at Ferrybridge well into the 21st Century.
Ferrybridge power station | |
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Country | England |
Locale | West Yorkshire, Yorkshire and the Humber |
Commission date | 1927 (1927) |
Operator(s) |
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Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal-fired |
Secondary fuel | Biofuel |
Liddell Coal Power Station
7:50 AM
Posted by Energetic
Liddell Coal Power Station is located at Lake Liddell near Muswellbrook, in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. It is coal powered, with four 500 MW GEC (UK) steam driven turbo alternators for a combined capacity of 2,000 MW.
The first generator was completed in 1971, two more in 1972, and the fourth in 1973. At the time of its completion, Liddell was the most powerful generating station in Australia.
Originally fitted with the then-standard electrostatic precipitators for dust collection, the more efficient Fabric Filters (as used at Eraring, Munmorah units 3 and 4, Bayswater and Mount Piper) were retrofitted in the early 1990s, reducing emissions to a barely visible level.
Much of the coal is supplied by overland conveyors from mines it shares with the nearby Bayswater Power Station.
Liddell Coal Power Station was the first major power station in NSW to be built inland, using fresh water for cooling instead of the more abundant salt water used in coastal power stations. To accommodate this, Lake Liddell was expanded to provide more water.
In addition to the coal power station, Liddell Coal Power Station runs two 25 MW oil-fired gas turbines and a 0.85 MW mini-hydroelectric generator. It is also "licensed to co-fire plant biomass and coal to produce electricity", which essentially means it can use sawdust and wood shavings from the nearby timber industry as a portion of its fuel, replacing up to 5% of its coal requirements. In practice, however, biomass accounts for only about 0.5% of Liddell's output.
A project is underway at Liddell to replace some of the station's boiler feed-water by hot water from a solar thermal array. As of March 2007, the project was at a second-stage prototype but had not been connected to the power station.
Carbon Monitoring for Action estimates this power station emits 14.70 million tonnes of greenhouse gases each year as a result of burning coal. The Australian Government has announced the introduction of a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme commencing in 2010 to help combat climate change. It is expected to impact on emissions from power stations. The National Pollutant Inventory provides details of other pollutant emissions, but, as at 23 November 2008, not CO2.
Hendrina Power Station
2:17 PM
Posted by Energetic
Hendrina Power Station came into operation between June 1970 and December 1976. It is one of Eskom's oldest operating power stations and the only one with 10 units. When it was built, it had the longest turbine hall of any Eskom power station. Between 1995 and 1997 half of Hendrina's 10 units were refurbished and now boast some of the most advanced system control technology in the world. The station's 5-in-1 control room was the first in the Southern Hemisphere. In 1999, Hendrina received a gold award from the National Productivity Institute.
Hendrina Power Station has ten 200MW units with a total installed capacity on 2,000MW. Design efficiency at turbine MCR (Maximum Continuous Rating) is 34.20%
Cottam Coal Power Station
2:33 PM
Posted by Energetic
Cottam Coal Power Station opened in 1969 when owned by the Central Electricity Generating Board. After electricity privatisation in 1990, ownership was shifted to Powergen. In October 2000, the plant was sold to London Energy, who are part of EDF Energy, for £398 million.
This is a 400 MW combined cycle gas turbine power station that runs on natural gas. It opened in September 1999 as a joint venture between Powergen and Siemens. In May 2002 the plant was bought out by Powergen for £52m.
The Cottam Coal Power Station uses one Siemens V94.3A (now called a SGT5-4000F), which has one BENSON heat recovery steam generator gas turbine and one steam turbine.[2][3] Electricity from the plant (which has a terminal voltage of 21 kilovolts (kV)) enters the National Grid via a transformer at 400 kV. The plant has a thermal efficiency of 58%.
In February 2006, 51 British workers at the station walked out on Wildcat strike action due to the underpayment of Hungarian workers during construction of Flue Gas Desulphurisation equipment. The Hungarians had worse working conditions than the British workers and were underpaid £1 million by employer SFL. 15 British workers who walked out in solidarity were made redundant.
Cottam power station | |
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Country | England |
Locale | Cottam |
Coordinates | 53°18′14″N 0°46′53″W / 53.304°N 0.7815°W / 53.304; -0.7815 |
Status | Operational |
Commission date | 1969 |
Operator(s) | Central Electricity Generating Board (1969-1990) Powergen (1990-2000) London Energy (2000-present) |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Coal |
Secondary fuel | Gas |
Tertiary fuel | Biomass |
Power generation information | |
Installed capacity | 2,008 MW |
Homer City Coal Generating Station
8:49 AM
Posted by Energetic
Location
The Homer City Coal Power Plant is located in Center Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, occupying approximately 2,400 acres (9.7 km2). The site also includes the 1,800-acre (7.3 km2) Two Lick Reservoir, a water conservation facility which is operated by the station.
Coal supply
As of 2005, bituminous coal was delivered to the Homer City Generating Station by truck. Units 1 and 2 burned local Pennsylvania coal (that is cleaned on site in a coal cleaning plant) or Western Pennsylvania Pittsburgh seam coal. A flue gas desulfurization unit (scrubber) was added to Unit 3 which allows the unit to burn local coal. But now with diminishing local coal and mines to support it, they have reopened the train track that runs through Indiana University of Pennsylvania and now supplies are brought in by train.
Water use
Boiler water make up, condenser cooling water and potable water is taken from Two Lick Creek, processed through various pretreatment facilities, used and discharged through various environmental treatment facilities and returned to Two Lick Creek and Blacklick Creek.From there the Black Lick enters the Conemaugh River, which goes on to meet the Loyalhanna River, creating the Kiskiminetas River, before entering the Allegheny River.
Pollution
This plant is a major polluter, ranking highly both nationally and within the state, recently releasing 8,500,000 pounds (3,860 metric tons) of toxic chemicals according to the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. Pennsylvania has ranked it the #2 polluter in the state. Homer City Generating Station releases huge amounts of mercury, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and other toxic or damaging chemicals. A scrubber was added in 1998 which reduced mercury output.
Mercury pollution
- In 1998, Homer City Generating Station produced a total (air and other) of 2,963 pounds (1,344 kg) of mercury according to the Environmental Working Group.
- In 2002, one source (Clear the Air (Hong Kong)) claims its air output of mercury was 545 pounds (247 kg).
- For 2003 another source (Environment Maine Research and Policy Center) claims it produced 665 pounds (302 kg) of mercury air pollution.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollution
- In 1995, Homer City put out 127,383 pounds (57.780 metric tons) of SO2.
- In 2003, Homer City put out 151,262 pounds (68.611 metric tons) of SO2 and was ranked SO2 polluter #4 in the nation.
Selenium in wastewater discharges
In 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) fined the owners of the Homer City electricity generating station, EME Homer City Generation LP, $200,000 for violating the Pennsylvania Clean Streams Law. The station exceeded its permitted effluent standards for selenium, total suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand in its wastewater discharges, and allowed unpermitted discharges of stormwater associated with its flue gas desulfurization scrubbers. "The facility has exceeded the effluent standards of its permit numerous times between December 2001 and the present, and this pattern of violations has to be addressed," DEP Southwest Regional Director Kenneth Bowman was quoted saying.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
In 2003, Homer City put out 14,000,000 pounds (6,400 metric tons) of CO2 and was ranked CO2 emitter #28 in the nation.
According to Public Citizen: "The plant ranks #33 in the nation for total CO2 emissions, contributing 13,745,174 tons of the pollutant primarily responsible for global warming to our atmosphere."
Architectural Mention
The plant's Unit 3 has a 371 metre (1,217 ft) tall chimney, which was built in 1977. This chimney is currently the third tallest chimney in the world, the second tallest in North America, and the tallest in the United States. On clear days, it is possible to spot the chimney from as far south as Greensburg, Pennsylvania and as far east as Ebensburg, Pennsylvania.
Homer City Generating Station | |
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Country | United States |
Locale | Center Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania |
Coordinates | 40°30′39″N 79°11′37″W / 40.51083°N 79.19361°W / 40.51083; -79.19361 |
Status | Active |
Commission date | Units 1, 2: 1969; Unit 3 1977 |
Owner(s) | Edison International |
Power station information | |
Primary fuel | Bituminous coal |
Generation units | Steam turbine |
Power generation information | |
Maximum capacity | 2,022 MWe |