Jänschwalde Coal Power Station is located near the village of Jänschwalde in Brandenburg on the German-Polish border. The lignite-fired power station has an installed capacity of 3,000 megawatts and consists of six 500 MW units. Jänschwalde Coal Power Station is the second-largest brown coal power plant in operation in Germany and is owned by Swedish state-owned Vattenfall.

The Jänschwalde Coal Power Station was built between 1976 and 1989. Between the German reunification and the mid-1990s, modern environmental technology was adopted, making higher efficiency possible. Despite this, the power station has the fifth-lowest ratio of energy efficiency to CO₂ emission in Europe, according to a study by the WWF.

Jänschwalde Coal Power Station predominantly fires raw brown coal from nearby open-pit mining in Jänschwalde and Cottbus to the north. At full load the power station burns approximately 80,000 tons of brown coal a day. From one kilogram of brown coal about one kilowatt-hour of electrical energy is produced.

The annual power output lies around 22 billion kWh, 22 TWh.

The site formerly featured three obsolete 300 meters (984 ft) chimneys. These were gradually dismantled in a complex process between 2002 and 2007, as conventional demolition was not possible on the site for space reasons. A unique procedure was introduced for this task: the chimneys were broken down from the top to a height of 50 meters (164 ft) by a special mechanism equipped with excavators which works round the edges of the chimneys, after which the remaining stacks are being demolished by conventional means.